CASE STUDY 2: Madonna..

In 1982 Madonna released the single 'Everybody' through Sire Records. Directed by Ed Steinberg.
This was her first release and they had a budget of $1500 to produce the video.
In 1982 Madonna's style consisted of; Baggy trousers, boyish clothes and hair, vampish make-up, glamorous earrings (This may of been a hint of the glamour that Madonna was going to be wearing the future, hint of what was to come?) and she was unpolished, not the look of a pop star. - As a new and upcoming artist the look that she portrayed was copied by her audience.

In 1984 'Like A Virgin' was released again through Sire records. Directed by Mary Lambert.
This was a very different type of look which consisted of a fairy-tale/romantic look, it showed her in a romantic location (Venice). By now her iconic 80's look was an established image, this video release was the start of her showing the two sides to herself as an artist, the girly/pretty/romantic look and the fierce/independent look.
In 1989 was the release of 'Like A Prayer' again by Sire Records, and also directed by Mary Lambert.
This video was her first to become quite controversial as it featured burning crosses, which was offensive to many of the audience.
Though many connotations could be taken from the video as in one shot features a glow behind her, which can be seen as angelic. She also comes across quite feminine and sexy in the video in what she's wearing - sex appeal.

1991 was the release of 'Vouge' through Sire records. This time directed by David Fincher.
It was Madonna's 8th US number one and at this time Madonna had quite a glamorous look, forming a Marilyn Monroe style. In this video she contradicted the norm by being a female singer surrounded by male models.
In 1992 was the release of 'Erotica' through Maverick (Which Madonna had set up as her own label) This was directed by Fabien Baron - A fashion photographer. It included dirty/grainy images, which was aired 3 times on MTV before being banned.

1996 was the release of ' Evita - You must love me' - this was the most successful film she was in, it was at a time where she was becoming age appropriate (approaching 40 and becoming a mum). This was a classier and revamped look for her.

1998 was the release of 'Ray Of Light' - Maverick. Directed by Jonas Akerland (Who also directed Beyonce & Lady GaGa's telephone single). It debuted at number 2 in the US. In the video she had long hair, quite hippyish, wearing a denim on denim look, which was big at the time and looked like a cowboy - showing she was back to her American roots.
In 2001 'What it feels like for a girl' was released through Maverick, and directed by then husband at the time Guy Ritchie. This was he 2nd time that her video was banned on MTV and VH1 due to its scene of murder by car.
2002 - 'Die Another Day' Showed references to history of Bond films.
2005 - 'Hung Up' Released through Maverick , directed by Johan Renck, this tried to show her younger image, with younger backing dancers and use of street dance , which was popular at the time (She was trying to keep with the times).
2008 - '4 Minutes' Released through Maverick - Featuring popular, young artists (Modern).